和平與戰爭
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和平與戰爭
拉丁語：
Prīmī duo ex rēgibus nōn iam aderant Rōmānīs. Alter, dē quō apud Q. Ennium clārum poētam versum legimus “O Tite tūte Tatī, tibi tanta, tyranne, tulistī!” mortuus erat; alter, deī Martis fīlius, ipse in caelum translātus et deus factus erat. Quōrum in locō Numa Pompilius, homōēgregiā pietāte, reī Rōmānae nunc rēx secoundus (nam Tatius in numerō rēgnum nōn habētur) praeerat, quī multīs modīs Rōmānīs proderat, praecipuē novīs lēgibus quibus velut iterum urbem condidit tantamque pāce quantam bellō Rōmulus fēcit. Iānum in Forō indicem pācis bellīque fēcit, dē quō “Hic aperiētur” inquit “quotiēnscumque cīvēs in armīs erunt, totiens autem claudētur quotiēns pāx cum omnibus circā populīs facta erit.”
Bis deinde post Numae rēgnum ad initium Augustī prīncīpātūs clausus est, semel post Pūnicum primum, iterum post bellum quod Augustus M. Antōniō Cleopātraeque rēgīnae intulit, tum cum pācem terrā marīque fēcerat. Numa multitūdine animīs fortibus quōs metus hostium disciplīnaque mīlitāris ante continuerat metum deōrum nunc iniēcit. Multa templa aedīsque sacrās fēcit praefēcitque sacerdōtēs cuique deōrum atque sīc novōs modōs īnstituit quibus dī colēbantur. Hōc modō cīvium mentīs ā rē mīlitārī ad rēs dīvīnās vertit. Ita duo deinceps rēgēs, alius aliā viā, ille bellō, hic pāce, cīvitātem auxērunt. Rōmulus septem et trīgintā rēgnāvit annōs, Numa trīs et quadrāgintā. Urbs tum valida et bellī et pācis artibus erat.
Numae morte Tullus Hostīlīus, homō animī ferī et bellicōsī, rēx tertius dēlectus est. Hic nōn modo Numae dissimilis erat sed etiam Rōmulō ipsī praestābat decorum bellī cupīdine. Tantus deōrum metus quantum Numa cīvium animīs iniēcerat Tullō grātus nōn erat, nam decorī impedīmentō fuit. Undique ergō causās bellī petīvīt quās illō modō repperit.
Quīdem rūsticī Albānī Rōmānīs, Rōmānī Albānīs pecora auferēbant. Utrimque lēgātī ferē sub idem tempus rēs reptītum missī sunt. Rōmānī celeriter, at segniter Albānī rem fēcērunt. Hī enim tum modo cum illī Albam rem repetītum accesserant et ab Albānō duce iam audītī erant, quīīllīs satisfactiōnem repudiāvīt, Tullum, quī hōs benignē accēperat et in convīvium vocāverat, pecora quae ablāta erant rogāvērunt. Quibus Tullus “Referte” inquit “haec verba rēgī vestrō: Quia populus tuus prīmus satisfactiōnem repudiāvit et lēgātōs dīmīsit, nōs dī magnī respicient nōbīsque auxiliō erunt ad id bellum quod nunc in trīcēsimum diem indīcō.”
Tristēs Rōma discēdunt et haec nūntiunt domum Albānī, et bellum utrimque ācriter parābātur cīvīlī simile bellō, prope inter parentēs fīliōsque, Trōiānam utramque prōlem, quoniam Lāvīnium ab Trōiā, ab Lāvīniō Alba, ab Albānōrum sanguine rēgnum orīundī Rōmānī erant.
英語：
The first two of the kings were no longer there for the Romans. One of the two, about whom we read a line in the work of the poet Q. Ennium who was dead, “O you, T. Titus, you tyrant, you brought such things upon yourself!”; the other, son of the god Mars, he brough himself to heaven and was made a god. In the place of whom, Numa Pompilius, a man of outstanding piety, now the second king in charge of the government of Rome (for Tatius was not considered in the number of kings), who had benefitted the Romans in many ways, especially by means of new laws, by which as if he founded the city again and he made it great by peace as Romulus by war. He made a gate in the Forum, a sign of peace and war, about which he said, “It will be opened whenever the citizens are at arms, however it will be closed as long as peace will be made with everyone around the nation.”
Then twice after the kingship of Numa, it was closed to the beginning of the emperorship of Augustus, once after the 1st Punic War, again after war, which Augustus brough wage on M. Antonius and Queen Cleopatra, then when he made peace by land and ocean. Numa injected respect for gods into brave souls of the multitude which fears of the enemy and military discipline and previously held. He made many temples and shrines and he appointed prists in charge of each of the gods and so he established new ways which gods were worshipped. In this way he turned minds of citizens from military affairs to divine things. So two kings one after another, each in a different way, former by war, latter by peace, increased the state. Romulus ruled for 37 years, Numa ruled for 43 years. The city was then strong, through the skill of both war and peace.
At the death of Numa, Tullus Hostilius, a man of fierce and warlike spirit, was chosen as the 3rd king. This man was not only unlike Numa, but he also surpassed Romulus with a desire for glory of war. He threw away as much respect of gods as Numa had injected into the minds of the citizens, and Tullus was not grateful for it was a hindrance for glory. Therefore, everywhere he sought causes for war, which he discovered in that way.
Some of the countrifies Albans were stealing flocks from the Romans, the Romans were stealing flocks from Albans. On both sides, ambassadors were sent about the same time to seek their property. Romans did it faster, but Albans did it slower. For they (Romans), just then with those people had approached Albania to seek their property, and they had already been heard by the Alban leader, who refused their satisfaction, they (Albans) had asked Tullus, who had kindly accepted them and invited them to a feast, for the flock which had been taken away. To whom Tullus said, “Bring back these words to your king: Because your people first rejected the satisfaction and sent away the ambassadors, the great gods will look upon us and they will be of help to us, for that war which now I indicate on the 30th day.”
Sad Albans leave for home from Rome and report these words and the war was firecely prepared on both sides. Similar to a civil war, it was almost between parents and children, each Trojan offsprng, since Lavanium rose from Troy, Alban rose from Lavanium, Romans rose form blood of the Alban kings.
中文：
前兩位國王已不再屬於羅馬人。這兩個人中的一個，我們在已故詩人恩尼姆 (Ennium) 的作品中讀到過這樣一句話：“哦，你，提圖斯 (Titus)，你這個暴君，你給自己帶來了這樣的事情！”；另一個是戰神馬爾斯的兒子，他將自己帶入天堂並被封為神。取而代之的是努瑪·龐皮利烏斯（Numa Pompilius），他是一位極其虔誠的人，現在是羅馬政府的第二位國王（因為塔蒂烏斯並沒有被算在國王的數量之內），他在很多方面給羅馬人帶來了好處，特別是通過新的法律，仿佛他通過這些法律重新建立了這座城市，就像羅慕盧斯通過戰爭使羅馬變得偉大。他在廣場上建造了一扇大門，作為和平與戰爭的標志，對此他說：“每當公民武裝起來時，它就會打開，但只要與各地的人都實現和平，它就會關閉。”
然後在努馬王位之後，它兩次都在奧古斯都皇帝統治開始之前關閉，一次是在第一次布匿戰爭之後，另一次是在奧古斯都向安東尼烏斯和克利奧帕特拉女王發動戰爭之後，然後是當他通過陸地和海洋取得和平時。努瑪將對眾神的尊重註入了先前對敵人和軍事紀律恐懼的群眾的靈魂中。他建造了許多寺廟和神殿，並任命了祭司負責每個神靈，因此他建立了新的崇拜神靈的方式。通過這種方式，他將公民的思想從軍事事務轉向了神聖事物。於是兩位國王相繼以不同的方式，前者通過戰爭，後者通過和平，擴大了國家。羅穆盧斯統治了37年，努瑪統治了43年。當時，這座城市通過戰爭與和平而變得強大。
努瑪死後，兇猛好戰的托裏斯·奧斯蒂呂斯(Tulls Hostilius) 被選為第三任國王。這個人不僅不像努瑪，而且對戰爭榮耀的渴望也超越了羅慕盧斯。他拋棄了努瑪在公民心中註入的對神的尊重，而托裏斯並不感激，因為這是榮耀的障礙。因此，他到處尋找發動戰爭的原因，並以這種方式發現了戰爭。
一些阿爾班人 (Albans) 從羅馬人那裏偷走羊群，羅馬人也從阿爾班人那裏偷羊群。雙方幾乎同時派出大使去尋找他們的財產。羅馬人做得更快，奧爾本斯做得更慢。因為他們（羅馬人）當時帶著這些人來到阿爾巴尼亞尋求財產，他們也已經被阿爾巴領導人聽到了，而阿爾巴領導人拒絕了他們的要求。他們（阿爾班人）向善意地接受了他們並邀請他們參加宴會的圖盧斯索要被帶走的羊群。托裏斯對他們說： “把這些話帶回給你的國王：因為你的人民首先拒絕了要求並遣散了使者，偉大的諸神將看著我們，他們將幫助我們，現在我會在第 30 天的時候發動戰爭。”
悲傷的阿爾班人從羅馬啟程回國，報告了這些話，雙方都做好了戰爭的準備。類似於內戰，這幾乎是在父母和孩子之間，每個特洛伊人後代之間，因為拉瓦尼姆起源於特洛伊，阿爾班起源於拉瓦尼姆，羅馬人起源於阿爾班國王的血統。
本站無廣告，永久域名（danmei.twking.cc）
拉丁語：
Prīmī duo ex rēgibus nōn iam aderant Rōmānīs. Alter, dē quō apud Q. Ennium clārum poētam versum legimus “O Tite tūte Tatī, tibi tanta, tyranne, tulistī!” mortuus erat; alter, deī Martis fīlius, ipse in caelum translātus et deus factus erat. Quōrum in locō Numa Pompilius, homōēgregiā pietāte, reī Rōmānae nunc rēx secoundus (nam Tatius in numerō rēgnum nōn habētur) praeerat, quī multīs modīs Rōmānīs proderat, praecipuē novīs lēgibus quibus velut iterum urbem condidit tantamque pāce quantam bellō Rōmulus fēcit. Iānum in Forō indicem pācis bellīque fēcit, dē quō “Hic aperiētur” inquit “quotiēnscumque cīvēs in armīs erunt, totiens autem claudētur quotiēns pāx cum omnibus circā populīs facta erit.”
Bis deinde post Numae rēgnum ad initium Augustī prīncīpātūs clausus est, semel post Pūnicum primum, iterum post bellum quod Augustus M. Antōniō Cleopātraeque rēgīnae intulit, tum cum pācem terrā marīque fēcerat. Numa multitūdine animīs fortibus quōs metus hostium disciplīnaque mīlitāris ante continuerat metum deōrum nunc iniēcit. Multa templa aedīsque sacrās fēcit praefēcitque sacerdōtēs cuique deōrum atque sīc novōs modōs īnstituit quibus dī colēbantur. Hōc modō cīvium mentīs ā rē mīlitārī ad rēs dīvīnās vertit. Ita duo deinceps rēgēs, alius aliā viā, ille bellō, hic pāce, cīvitātem auxērunt. Rōmulus septem et trīgintā rēgnāvit annōs, Numa trīs et quadrāgintā. Urbs tum valida et bellī et pācis artibus erat.
Numae morte Tullus Hostīlīus, homō animī ferī et bellicōsī, rēx tertius dēlectus est. Hic nōn modo Numae dissimilis erat sed etiam Rōmulō ipsī praestābat decorum bellī cupīdine. Tantus deōrum metus quantum Numa cīvium animīs iniēcerat Tullō grātus nōn erat, nam decorī impedīmentō fuit. Undique ergō causās bellī petīvīt quās illō modō repperit.
Quīdem rūsticī Albānī Rōmānīs, Rōmānī Albānīs pecora auferēbant. Utrimque lēgātī ferē sub idem tempus rēs reptītum missī sunt. Rōmānī celeriter, at segniter Albānī rem fēcērunt. Hī enim tum modo cum illī Albam rem repetītum accesserant et ab Albānō duce iam audītī erant, quīīllīs satisfactiōnem repudiāvīt, Tullum, quī hōs benignē accēperat et in convīvium vocāverat, pecora quae ablāta erant rogāvērunt. Quibus Tullus “Referte” inquit “haec verba rēgī vestrō: Quia populus tuus prīmus satisfactiōnem repudiāvit et lēgātōs dīmīsit, nōs dī magnī respicient nōbīsque auxiliō erunt ad id bellum quod nunc in trīcēsimum diem indīcō.”
Tristēs Rōma discēdunt et haec nūntiunt domum Albānī, et bellum utrimque ācriter parābātur cīvīlī simile bellō, prope inter parentēs fīliōsque, Trōiānam utramque prōlem, quoniam Lāvīnium ab Trōiā, ab Lāvīniō Alba, ab Albānōrum sanguine rēgnum orīundī Rōmānī erant.
英語：
The first two of the kings were no longer there for the Romans. One of the two, about whom we read a line in the work of the poet Q. Ennium who was dead, “O you, T. Titus, you tyrant, you brought such things upon yourself!”; the other, son of the god Mars, he brough himself to heaven and was made a god. In the place of whom, Numa Pompilius, a man of outstanding piety, now the second king in charge of the government of Rome (for Tatius was not considered in the number of kings), who had benefitted the Romans in many ways, especially by means of new laws, by which as if he founded the city again and he made it great by peace as Romulus by war. He made a gate in the Forum, a sign of peace and war, about which he said, “It will be opened whenever the citizens are at arms, however it will be closed as long as peace will be made with everyone around the nation.”
Then twice after the kingship of Numa, it was closed to the beginning of the emperorship of Augustus, once after the 1st Punic War, again after war, which Augustus brough wage on M. Antonius and Queen Cleopatra, then when he made peace by land and ocean. Numa injected respect for gods into brave souls of the multitude which fears of the enemy and military discipline and previously held. He made many temples and shrines and he appointed prists in charge of each of the gods and so he established new ways which gods were worshipped. In this way he turned minds of citizens from military affairs to divine things. So two kings one after another, each in a different way, former by war, latter by peace, increased the state. Romulus ruled for 37 years, Numa ruled for 43 years. The city was then strong, through the skill of both war and peace.
At the death of Numa, Tullus Hostilius, a man of fierce and warlike spirit, was chosen as the 3rd king. This man was not only unlike Numa, but he also surpassed Romulus with a desire for glory of war. He threw away as much respect of gods as Numa had injected into the minds of the citizens, and Tullus was not grateful for it was a hindrance for glory. Therefore, everywhere he sought causes for war, which he discovered in that way.
Some of the countrifies Albans were stealing flocks from the Romans, the Romans were stealing flocks from Albans. On both sides, ambassadors were sent about the same time to seek their property. Romans did it faster, but Albans did it slower. For they (Romans), just then with those people had approached Albania to seek their property, and they had already been heard by the Alban leader, who refused their satisfaction, they (Albans) had asked Tullus, who had kindly accepted them and invited them to a feast, for the flock which had been taken away. To whom Tullus said, “Bring back these words to your king: Because your people first rejected the satisfaction and sent away the ambassadors, the great gods will look upon us and they will be of help to us, for that war which now I indicate on the 30th day.”
Sad Albans leave for home from Rome and report these words and the war was firecely prepared on both sides. Similar to a civil war, it was almost between parents and children, each Trojan offsprng, since Lavanium rose from Troy, Alban rose from Lavanium, Romans rose form blood of the Alban kings.
中文：
前兩位國王已不再屬於羅馬人。這兩個人中的一個，我們在已故詩人恩尼姆 (Ennium) 的作品中讀到過這樣一句話：“哦，你，提圖斯 (Titus)，你這個暴君，你給自己帶來了這樣的事情！”；另一個是戰神馬爾斯的兒子，他將自己帶入天堂並被封為神。取而代之的是努瑪·龐皮利烏斯（Numa Pompilius），他是一位極其虔誠的人，現在是羅馬政府的第二位國王（因為塔蒂烏斯並沒有被算在國王的數量之內），他在很多方面給羅馬人帶來了好處，特別是通過新的法律，仿佛他通過這些法律重新建立了這座城市，就像羅慕盧斯通過戰爭使羅馬變得偉大。他在廣場上建造了一扇大門，作為和平與戰爭的標志，對此他說：“每當公民武裝起來時，它就會打開，但只要與各地的人都實現和平，它就會關閉。”
然後在努馬王位之後，它兩次都在奧古斯都皇帝統治開始之前關閉，一次是在第一次布匿戰爭之後，另一次是在奧古斯都向安東尼烏斯和克利奧帕特拉女王發動戰爭之後，然後是當他通過陸地和海洋取得和平時。努瑪將對眾神的尊重註入了先前對敵人和軍事紀律恐懼的群眾的靈魂中。他建造了許多寺廟和神殿，並任命了祭司負責每個神靈，因此他建立了新的崇拜神靈的方式。通過這種方式，他將公民的思想從軍事事務轉向了神聖事物。於是兩位國王相繼以不同的方式，前者通過戰爭，後者通過和平，擴大了國家。羅穆盧斯統治了37年，努瑪統治了43年。當時，這座城市通過戰爭與和平而變得強大。
努瑪死後，兇猛好戰的托裏斯·奧斯蒂呂斯(Tulls Hostilius) 被選為第三任國王。這個人不僅不像努瑪，而且對戰爭榮耀的渴望也超越了羅慕盧斯。他拋棄了努瑪在公民心中註入的對神的尊重，而托裏斯並不感激，因為這是榮耀的障礙。因此，他到處尋找發動戰爭的原因，並以這種方式發現了戰爭。
一些阿爾班人 (Albans) 從羅馬人那裏偷走羊群，羅馬人也從阿爾班人那裏偷羊群。雙方幾乎同時派出大使去尋找他們的財產。羅馬人做得更快，奧爾本斯做得更慢。因為他們（羅馬人）當時帶著這些人來到阿爾巴尼亞尋求財產，他們也已經被阿爾巴領導人聽到了，而阿爾巴領導人拒絕了他們的要求。他們（阿爾班人）向善意地接受了他們並邀請他們參加宴會的圖盧斯索要被帶走的羊群。托裏斯對他們說： “把這些話帶回給你的國王：因為你的人民首先拒絕了要求並遣散了使者，偉大的諸神將看著我們，他們將幫助我們，現在我會在第 30 天的時候發動戰爭。”
悲傷的阿爾班人從羅馬啟程回國，報告了這些話，雙方都做好了戰爭的準備。類似於內戰，這幾乎是在父母和孩子之間，每個特洛伊人後代之間，因為拉瓦尼姆起源於特洛伊，阿爾班起源於拉瓦尼姆，羅馬人起源於阿爾班國王的血統。
本站無廣告，永久域名（danmei.twking.cc）